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Unlocking the secrets of the ancient coastal Maya
ATLANTA—Georgia State University anthropologist Dr. Jeffrey Glover grew up in metro Atlanta, but speaking to him, it sounds like his heart is in Quintana Roo. This part of Mexico’s Yucatán Peninsula has been the home base for an expansive research project spanning more than 10 years. His research there with Dr. Dominique Rissolo, a maritime archaeologist at
UC San Diego’s Qualcomm Institute, has uncovered thousands of artifacts that help them shed new light on the ancient Maya people who lived along this stretch of coast.
Glover and Rissolo are working with an interdisciplinary and international team of researchers to uncover new insights about the dynamic interplay between social and natural processes that shaped life for these ancient, Maya people over the last 3,000 years. The team has just released a new article in the Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology summarizing their findings to date.
“The Proyecto Costa Escondida,” which translates into English as the ‘hidden coast’ project, has focused on the ancient Maya port sites of Vista Alegre and Conil.
“We chose the project name because, the coast is literally hidden behind mangroves. We’ve canoed the coastline and you’ve really got to snake back to get to the site,” Glover said. “But at the same time, and more importantly, this region has been hidden from scholarship—there just hadn’t been a lot of work done there until we arrived.”
To date, the work has produced a wealth of knowledge about maritime Maya civilization since 800 BCE (Before Common Era). Glover, an associate professor of Anthropology, is using an historical ecology framework to better understand the dynamic relationship between humans and the environment at the ancient Maya port sites of Vista Alegre and Conil.
“This is about how people respond to change,” said Dr. John Yellen, program director for archeology at the U.S. National Science Foundation, which helped fund the research. “Through the lens of historical ecology, this broad team of researchers has shown how Maya adapted over centuries to a wide range of environmental changes. This insight into one society’s long-term adaptation to coastal environments provides a fruitful model for studying such interactions across many cultures.”
This region lies along Yucatan’s north coast, some hours from popular tourist attractions like Cancun and well-known archaeological sites like Chichen Itza and Tulum.
“What’s remarkable about our study area is that it represents one of the least developed coastlines on the northern Yucatan Peninsula,” said Rissolo, who was recently featured in a video series about the Maritime Maya. “When trying to understand the ancient maritime cultural landscape of the so-called ‘Riviera Maya,’ for example, your perspective is obscured by all-inclusive resorts, golf courses and theme parks. The shores of the Laguna Holbox, on the other hand, are still largely wild and offer a more unobstructed view into the region’s past.”
The site of Vista Alegre is a small island surrounded by mangroves that lies along the southern shore of the Holbox Lagoon (also called Conil or Yalahau Lagoon). Glover describes Vista Alegre as what was probably once a small, bustling port. Here, they’ve discovered and recorded as many as 40 rock-filled platforms that served as the foundation for perishable pole and thatch buildings. The largest is a pyramidal structure that stands about 13 meters—or nearly 43 feet—tall. Glover believes this probably served as a temple and a lookout where the site’s inhabitants could see if anyone was approaching by sea. Conil, on the other hand, is a much more expansive site located beneath the modern town of Chiquila and was encountered by early Spanish conquistadors who described it as a town of 5,000 houses.
Researchers have identified tens of thousands of artifacts and ecofacts (animal and plant remains that speak to past diets), which have helped improve our understanding of how the landscape has changed over time, how the people lived, and how they dealt with challenges not unlike those faced by people today, such as: rising sea levels and changing political and economic systems. “We are coordinating and synthesizing all the different datasets that we have, which gives us a wider-angle picture,” Glover said.
The project, which has been funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), combines traditional archaeological techniques (think digging with a small hand trowel or shovel) with new, high-tech practices for land and sea. Glover says it is a matter of making the most out of the materials at hand.
“Archaeology requires a broad knowledge of the latest scientific techniques mixed with a strong reliance on ‘MacGyvering,’ Glover said. “We often utilize rustic equipment combined with high-tech tools. On any given day, we might find ourselves in a small dinghy borrowed from the local community out of which we are running marine geophysical survey equipment or pounding PVC tubes into the sediments with a homemade fencepost driver.”
The complex work of marine geoarchaeology was spearheaded by Dr. Beverly Goodman-Tchernov and Dr. Roy Jaijel of the University of Haifa in Israel. The core samples include sediment from the coastline and give researchers a better idea of how the coastline has changed over time by looking at a host of different datasets. In particular, the remains of tiny creatures (foraminifera) are preserved in the cores. These creatures lived in very specific environments, so by finding certain species of foraminifera, the team can reconstruct what the coastal environment was like. Instead of being hidden as it is today, Vista Alegre was most likely once more open and purposely built on a peninsula that jutted into the lagoon making it a more obvious destination for ancient canoe-based traders.
Along with paleo-coastline reconstruction, Dr. Patricia Beddows of Northwestern University has been combing research on the modern hydrological system with oxygen isotope values from the core sediments to study how access to freshwater changed over time as a result of rising sea-levels. The team has to bring all of their drinking water with them to the site, so they are keenly aware what a limiting factor freshwater access could have been for past peoples. One idea is that there were springs near the site in the past that have been effectively drowned by rising sea level. To try to identify freshwater seeps (that are about two degrees Celsius cooler than the ocean water) the team is using a drone equipped with a thermal camera to identify areas that might represent past sources of freshwater.
The team also uncovered tens of thousands of pieces of pottery and hundreds of pieces of obsidian (volcanic glass used to make tools that can be traced to its original geologic location), which reveal these coastal peoples were involved in extensive trade. Glover says the diversity of these artifacts stands out when compared to that of nearby, inland sites. The research team believes the archaeological data reinforce the idea that these coastal peoples had much broader and more cosmopolitan connections because they were part of long-distance, canoe-based trade networks.
These trade connections are most evident about 1,000 years ago when researchers see a major realignment and expansion in international trade associated with the emergence of Chichen Itza as a powerful religious, political, and economic city.
“Strong evidence of this realignment comes from the obsidian data which reveals greater connections to parts of central Mexico, near modern day Mexico City” Glover said.
Many of these artifacts come from poring over the detritus—or garbage—left behind by this past civilization, Glover says this is often an archeologist’s goldmine. Mixed with the pottery and obsidian, the research team found items like spindle whorls, that would have been used to make cotton thread which could have been traded as bolts of cloth or used for fishing lines or nets.
When asked what is missing, Rissolo said “We would love to find an intact ancient Maya trading canoe! It’s possible that such a vessel may be preserved beneath the muddy bottom of the bays surrounding Vista Alegre. We would learn so much about these legendary watercraft.”
The team also discovered an array of natural materials, including more than 20,000 animal bones, from sharks, rays, turtles and marine gastropods (gastropods include animals like conchs and whelks which have been studied by another project leader, Dr. Derek Smith). The team is working closely with Mexican archeologists at the Autonomous University of Yucatan in Merida, Mexico to analyze the animal remains and burial sites that have been discovered.
Research came to a halt during much of the pandemic, but after months of excavations and discovery of so many artifacts, the team is still working to analyze their findings. Glover said they are also in discussions with local leaders in Mexico to create a community museum to highlight the region’s rich cultural and natural history.
Often, when people think about the ancient Maya, they may picture some sudden, cataclysmic event that upended daily life and led to end of this past, advanced civilization. Glover notes that this could not be further from the truth. Maya peoples are alive and well today in the Yucatan, Belize, and Guatemala. While the ‘collapse’ of Maya kingdoms between 800 and 900 CE often gets blown out of proportion in popular media, that does not mean that were not changes in settlements over time.
“I think it’s a story, not of a sudden or mass exodus, but a shift over time,” Glover explained, “and to understand these shifts we must understand the complex interplay of environmental and cultural factors, which is what our research is revealing.”
The research also highlights the specific lifestyles and adaptive strategies needed to live in a dynamic coastal environment and how this fostered a shared identity amongst coastal Maya communities.
“Our research gives us some idea of the shared challenges that coastal peoples faced – rising sea-levels, diminished freshwater, changing economic and political systems – and they probably leaned on one another, Glover said. “In some ways, I think it might have been easier to hop in your canoe and paddle down the coast to seek help than it was to walk over land.”
“The past, just like the present is not static, and these people were constantly having to make decisions. Sometimes those decisions meant sticking it out, and sometimes they meant re-establishing their lives right down the coast. This new article is a great summation of what we have learned to date. But, you know, there’s always more to be done, and we certainly have plans to continue.” Glover said.
Later this year, the team will start a new project with Dr. Tim Murtha, a colleague at University of Florida, to conduct a light detection and ranging (LIDAR) survey. They will collect detailed elevation data that can reveal the distribution of ancient Maya settlements like house mounds or pyramids. While not focused on the coast, the project will help the team better understand the relationship between inland and coastal communities.
Please visit http://costaescondida.org for more information on the project.
On this project, Glover and Rissolo teamed with Dr. Patricia Beddows (Northwestern University), Dr. Beverly Goodman (University of Haifa), Dr. Derek Smith (University of Washington), and others under the auspices of Mexico’s National Institute of Anthropology and History (INAH).
JOURNAL
The Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology
METHOD OF RESEARCH
Observational study
SUBJECT OF RESEARCH
Not applicable
ARTICLE TITLE
The Proyecto Costa Escondida: Historical ecology and the study of past coastal landscapes in the Maya area
ARTICLE PUBLICATION DATE
9-Jun-2022
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In its many forms, the sport of virginia tech track and field has been around for a long time and has become a cultural symbol. Virginia Tech’s dedication to greatness in track and field has resulted in the development of several Olympic and global champions.
An Overview of virginia tech track and field Competing on a Track and Field
The history of the track and field team at it goes back to the very beginning. In the late 19th century, track and field became an official sport at the university because of its significance. The program’s prominence has increased since then, allowing it to attract elite athletes and produce lasting contributions to the history of the sport.
Important Accomplishments and World Records
The track and field team at Virginia Tech has had tremendous success on the national and international levels over the years. Its athletes have broken records, won titles, and even competed on the world stage for their countries. Virginia Tech has consistently produced world-class athletes in a variety of track and field events, including sprinting, leaping, throwing, and hurdling.
Instruction and Guidance of virginia tech track and field
Training plans and coaching staffs are what make winning track and field teams possible. Even Virginia Tech is not an outlier. Athletes in the programme participate in a rigorous regimen designed to improve their fitness, hone their skills, and boost their overall output. To help their players reach their full potential, the coaches use creative methods and provide them with individualised attention.
Infrastructure and Tools
Virginia Tech’s track & field athletes benefit from state-of-the-art facilities and equipment. The institution does not skimp on providing its athletes with the best possible facilities to perfect their skills, from well-maintained tracks and specialised training rooms to cutting-edge performance measuring technologies.
Scholarships and Employment Opportunities
Virginia Tech awards track and field aspirants who demonstrate academic and athletic promise with merit-based scholarships. Scholarships like these help the programme financially and also encourage top-tier athletes to participate. The institution aggressively seeks out talented students from secondary schools and community colleges to join the athletics programme.
Contests and Meetings
Track and field athletes from Virginia Tech take part in meets and leagues across the country all year long. They can show off their skills, track their development, and see if they make the cut for larger competitions. The program’s dedication to pushing boundaries and competing at the highest levels is shown in its participation in important events.
Prominent Graduates
Many legendary athletes in track and field history were products of the Virginia Tech programme. These alumni have distinguished themselves professionally, represented their countries, and established themselves as advocates for the university. Virginia Tech’s current and future athletes can take inspiration from their accomplishments.
Participation in the Community
Athletes take engage in community service projects by sharing their expertise and serving as role models for young athletes. Athletes and fans both benefit from the community’s beneficial influence and feel a greater sense of pride as a result of their participation.
Ten. Future Aims and Prospects
The track and field team has lofty goals for the future. The program’s persistent dedication to quality ensures that its athletes will continue to make history in the world of track and field. The institution is committed to developing students’ skills, enhancing its infrastructure, and reaching new audiences in order to reach new heights.
Conclusion
The track and field team at Virginia Tech has become nationally and internationally renowned. The program’s continued success may be attributed to its exceptional athletes, knowledgeable coaches, state-of-the-art facilities, and supportive fan base. Virginia Tech is focused on the future and is dedicated to continuing its tradition of greatness.
Virginia Tech Notable Alumni Polytechnic Institute and State University, more often known as Virginia Tech, has produced a number of highly successful individuals in a wide range of professions. Many influential people in fields ranging from science and industry to the arts and entertainment have graduated from this university. In this piece, we’ll take a closer look at the lives and careers of several notable Virginia Tech alums.
Virginia Tech’s capacity to attract and develop brilliant minds is reflected in the achievements of its renowned alumni. These alums have not only made significant contributions to their disciplines, but their influence has endured.
Famous Virginia Tech Notable Alumni Industry Grads
Many influential people in the history of technology are graduates of Virginia Tech. Michael F. Qian is a famous alumnus who earned a degree in computer science. Qian then helped create a software company that would eventually revolutionise the field of data analytics. His contributions have had far-reaching effects on data analysis and helped advance decision-making procedures across many different industries.
Sarah Thompson, a world-famous expert in computer security, is another famous alum. After completing his studies in engineering at Virginia Tech, Thompson has established himself as a foremost expert in the subject of computer security. Organisations have benefited from her data protection research and skills by increasing security and better mitigating cyber dangers.
Entrepreneurs and Business Leaders Among Their Former Students
Many successful companies and entrepreneurs can trace their roots back to Virginia Tech grads. John Collins, a graduate of the Pamplin College of Business, started a company that creates environmentally friendly packaging. Collins’s ground-breaking work in sustainable packaging has not only won him praise, but also improved the natural world.
Amanda Rodriguez, who is a prominent entrepreneur who established a social media marketing firm, is another prominent alumna. Many companies have benefited from Rodriguez’s agency’s assistance in expanding their web presence and expanding their customer base. She is widely regarded as a leading authority in digital marketing because of her extensive experience in the field.
Science and Research Prominent Virginia Tech Notable Alumni
The many successful researchers who graduated from Virginia Tech demonstrate the university’s dedication to scientific inquiry. Graduate of the College of Science and now a world-renowned neuroscientist, Dr. Jason Davis’s work on brain plasticity has led to exciting new possibilities in the treatment of neurodegenerative illnesses. As a result of his research, we now have a better understanding of the plasticity and regenerative capacity of the human brain.
Another alumna who has earned a name for herself is Dr. Emily Carter, who has made important discoveries in chemistry. Her work in the field of renewable energy sources has won her several accolades and acclaim on a global scale. Cleaner and more long-lasting energy sources are now possible thanks to Carter’s research.
Artists and Performers Who Graduated From Their Schools
The arts and entertainment industries have also benefited from the work of Virginia Tech alums. An outstanding actor who has won praise for his work in both film and television, Jason Mitchell is a renowned graduate of the School of Performing Arts. Mitchell is now a well-respected name in show business thanks to his skill and hard work.
Having graduated from the university’s Department of Architecture and Urban Studies, Amy Johnson is now a well-respected architect. Her work in architecture has changed the skyline while simultaneously prioritising sustainability and public involvement.
Successful Athletes Who Graduated From This School
The athletic programme at Virginia Tech has a long history of producing world-class competitors. Former football player Michael Turner is a prominent alumnus of the school. Turner was widely regarded as one of the NFL’s best running backs during his time in the league.
Nikki Thompson, a former volleyball player for the United States national team, is another famous alumna. Thanks to Thompson’s extraordinary talent and leadership, women’s volleyball is now more widely recognised and appreciated.
People Who Made a Difference in Politics and Public Service
Alumni of Virginia Tech have also made their mark in government and politics. John Smith is a well-respected alumnus who has campaigned tirelessly for educational reform during his many years in the Senate. Smith’s dedication to bettering the school system has resulted in substantial policy improvements that have benefited kids all around the country.
Another famous alumnus who has gone on to do great things for society is Samantha Johnson. Johnson, in his capacity as an elected official, has championed a number of projects that seek to reduce inequality and expand opportunities for all. Her efforts have improved the quality of life for those on the fringes of society.
Virginia Tech Notable Alumni Who Have Made a Difference In The Field Of Education
Education has benefited greatly from the work of Virginia Tech alums. College of Education alumna Dr. Rebecca Parker is a well-respected educational psychologist known for her ground-breaking work with children who struggle academically. The inclusive and successful educational practises of today owe much to Parker’s research and experience.
Another well-known graduate is Dr. David Wilson, who has promoted the value of higher education in his role as president of a prestigious university. Wilson’s leadership and dedication to academic achievement have helped the institutions he has served expand and thrive during his tenure.
Famous Alums Who Have Made a Difference Through Their Charity Work
Many former Hokies have also made significant contributions to charitable and community-focused endeavours. Former LHS student Mark Anderson now runs a nonprofit with the goal of improving access to education and healthcare in underprivileged areas of the world. Anderson’s charitable contributions have improved the quality of life for many people.
In addition to her work in cybersecurity, Sarah Thompson has been an advocate for many different issues. She has worked to promote digital literacy in underserved areas by launching initiatives to close the digital divide.
Conclusion
Virginia Tech’s commitment to excellence and the effect its graduates make in their respective disciplines is reflected in the achievements of its prominent alumni. These people have accomplished incredible things and made substantial contributions to society in a wide variety of fields, from technology and business to science, the arts, and sports. Their successes demonstrate the breadth of opportunities available to those who choose to further their studies at Virginia Tech.
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