Press Release
Heroku acknowledges that a cyberattack resulted in the theft of user credentials.
The GitHub integration OAuth tokens that were taken last month also contributed to the vulnerability of an internal client database, according to a recent statement from Heroku.
The cloud platform, which is owned by Salesforce, acknowledged that the same compromised token was utilised by attackers to steal client credentials that had been hashed and salted from “a database.”
Following yesterday’s contact between BleepingComputer and Salesforce, Heroku released an update.
Even though BleepingComputer doesn’t have any OAuth integrations that leverage Heroku apps or GitHub, we unexpectedly received a password reset email from Heroku, like many other users. This suggested that there was another reason for these password resets.
Forced password resets are explained by Heroku.
Following the security breach from last month, Heroku began this week forcing password resets for a portion of its user accounts without providing a detailed justification.
Some Heroku users received emails on Tuesday evening informing them that their account passwords would be changed as a result of the security breach, with the subject line “Heroku security notification – resetting user account passwords on May 4, 2022.” The email noted that the reset will also invalidate all API access tokens and force users to create new ones.
However, the original security problem being discussed involves threat actors stealing OAuth tokens given to Heroku and Travis-CI and utilising them to retrieve data from secure GitHub repositories belonging to a variety of companies, including npm.
According to a previous statement from GitHub, “On April 12, GitHub Security started an investigation that uncovered evidence that an attacker exploited stolen OAuth user tokens issued to two third-party OAuth integrators, Heroku and Travis-CI, to download data from dozens of organisations, including npm.”
These tokens had previously been used by the OAuth integrations of the Travis-CI and Heroku platforms to link with GitHub and release apps.
Threat actors could access and download data from GitHub repositories belonging to users who gave their accounts permission to the stolen Heroku or Travis CI OAuth apps by stealing these OAuth tokens. Notably, the issue had no effect on GitHub’s infrastructure, processes, or private repositories.
But up until this point, it was still unclear why Heroku would need to reset some user account passwords.
It turns out that threat actors were able to access Heroku’s internal database of client accounts through the compromised token for a Heroku machine account:
Heroku updates its security warning: “Our research also discovered that the same compromised token was used to access a database and exfiltrate the hashed and salted passwords for users’ accounts.”
“Because of this, Salesforce is making sure that all Heroku user passwords are changed and that any potentially vulnerable credentials are updated. We have added more detections and rotated internal Heroku credentials. We are still looking into the token compromise’s origin.”
A reader of YCombinator Hacker News suggested that the “database” being discussed might be what was formerly known as “core-db.”
Craig Kerstiens of the PostgreSQL platform CrunchyData, a former employee of Heroku, is the reader in question.
According to Kerstiens, the internal database is referenced in the most recent report as “a database.”
“It appears [the attacker] had access to internal systems, but I don’t want to guess too much. It was discovered, noted, and reported to Heroku by GitHub. You can’t argue against the need for further clarity, but it would be wise to follow up with Salesforce on that.”
After being contacted by BleepingComputer, Kerstiens acknowledged writing these statements.
Clients refer to ambiguous disclosure as a “train crash.”
In its initial statement about the security breach, Heroku said that accounts using compromised OAuth tokens from Heroku had exploited GitHub repositories to gain unauthorised access.
The business has previously said that “The compromised tokens could give the threat actor access to customer GitHub repos, but not customer Heroku accounts.”
However, the password reset emails legitimately raised consumer worries that Heroku’s investigation might have turned up additional malicious activity by the threat actors that wasn’t being made public.
The disclosure was termed “a complete train wreck and a case study on how not to interact with your customers,” by some YCombinator Hacker News readers.
Heroku has started to shed some light on the issue in an effort to be more open with the community.
According to Heroku, “We embrace transparency and recognise that our customers are looking for a deeper understanding of the implications of this incident and our reaction thus far.”
The cloud platform added that it had reached a stage where more material could be disclosed without jeopardising the ongoing investigation after cooperating with GitHub, threat intelligence suppliers, industry partners, and law enforcement during the inquiry:
A different third-party integrator, Travis-CI, revealed, however, that no client data had been harmed by the event on the business day that followed GitHub’s initial notice.
Users of Heroku are urged to keep checking the security notification page for updates concerning the incident.
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The official PHP Git repository was breached in the most recent software supply chain attack, and the code base was modified.
Yesterday, two malicious commits were uploaded to the PHP team’s git.php.net server, which hosts the php-src Git repository.
Threat actors had verified these commits as if Rasmus Lerdorf and Nikita Popov, two well-known PHP developers and maintainers, had made them.
PHP Git server has an RCE backdoor installed.
Yesterday, two malicious contributions were uploaded to the official PHP Git repository in an effort to corrupt the PHP code base.
The event is concerning because 79% of websites on the Internet still use PHP as their server-side programming language.
The attackers released a mystery update upstream called “repair typo” in the malicious commits [1, 2] that BleepingComputer saw under the guise of a little typographical patch.
Looking closer at the newly added line 370, where the zend eval string function is used, reveals that the code in fact creates a backdoor for quickly achieving Remote Code Execution (RCE) on a website using this hacked version of PHP.
Developer Jake Birchall for PHP responded to Michael Voek, who had discovered the error originally, with the explanation, “This line executes PHP code from within the useragent HTTP header, if the string starts with ‘zerodium’.”
Nikita Popov, a PHP maintainer, explained the following to us via email:
“During a regular post-commit code review a few hours after the first commit, it was discovered. The modifications were immediately undone because they were blatantly malicious “According to Popov, BleepingComputer.
The malicious commit was also done under Rasmus Lerdorf’s identity, the person who created PHP.
But that should come as no surprise because with source code version control systems like Git, it is possible to sign off a change locally under a different identity [1, 2] and then upload the spoof commit to the remote Git server, where it appears to have been signed off by the person listed on it.
According to PHP maintainers, this malicious activity originated from the compromised git.php.net server rather than from the compromise of an individual’s Git account, despite the fact that a thorough investigation of the incident is still ongoing.
The official PHP codebase has been moved to GitHub.
Following this event, the PHP maintainers have chosen to move the official PHP source code repository to GitHub as a precaution.
We’ve made the decision to stop running the git.php.net server even though our investigation is still ongoing since we believe that keeping our own git infrastructure is an unnecessary security risk.
Popov stated that the GitHub repositories, which were previously merely mirrors, “would become canonical.”
After this modification, Popov demands that any future code updates be uploaded directly to GitHub rather than the git.php.net site.
Anyone who wants to contribute to the PHP project must now join the PHP organisation on GitHub.
The same security alert includes advice for doing that.
You would need to have two-factor authentication (2FA) set on your GitHub account in order to join the organisation.
Beyond the two commits that were mentioned, “We’re investigating the repositories for any corruption,” says Popov.
In order to learn the full scope of this attack and whether any code was transmitted downstream before the fraudulent commits were discovered, BleepingComputer contacted Popov and the PHP security team.
Although it might have been cloned or forked in the interim, no tags or release artefacts reflect the changes.
Popov added to BleepingComputer, “The changes were in the development branch for PHP 8.1, which is scheduled for release at the end of the year.
The PHP team has confirmed to BleepingComputer that they want to decommission their git server ultimately and switch to GitHub permanently in the coming days.
Press Release
According to an internally sourced Facebook post, Rob LathERN, CHIEF OF ADVERTISING INTEGRITY who handled ads around sensitive subjects, left the company on Dec. 30 (KATIE PAUL/REUTERS).
Internal Facebook post indicates Rob Leathern, chief of advertising integrity who handled ad products around sensitive subjects, left the company on December 30 — (Reuters) – Facebook Inc’s chief of advertising integrity, who handled the company’s ad products around sensitive subjects …
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