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3 Golang Tips for Scraping Like a Pro | Guest Blog News
The increasing importance of web scraping for businesses and personal use points to the need to have a web scraper. You can either purchase such a tool from a reliable service provider. Alternatively, you can create one from scratch using programming languages and frameworks best suited for web scraping. Python, PHP, NodeJS, Ruby, and Golang are some examples of such languages. This article will explore the Golang web scraper, detailing 3 Golang tips for web scraping like a professional. Let’s start.
What is Web Scraping?
Web scraping refers to the practice of using bots, known as web scrapers, to extract publicly available data from websites. It offers numerous benefits to both businesses and individuals. For instance, companies can collect publicly available data on the number of competitors in a market, their pricing strategies, and products in the market. By analyzing this data, companies can develop better go-to-market strategies (if they are new to the market) or competitive prices for their products and services. On the other hand, people can use web scraping to gather real-time updates from job or news aggregation sites.
As stated, businesses and people can create web scrapers using several programming languages, including Golang.
What is Golang?
Golang or Go is a general-purpose compiled programming language invented by Google in 2007 and released to the public in 2012. It is based on the C programming language. Golang boasts numerous functionality that has influenced its popularity within the developer community.
Go is renowned for the following features:
Memory safety
Garbage collection
Simplicity
Speed
Run-time efficiency
Built-in concurrency
Multiprocessing and high-performance networking capabilities
High usability
A comprehensive suite of tools and frameworks
Developers have capitalized on these features to extend Golang’s usability beyond what its inventors had initially envisioned. Google’s developers had created Go for use in networking and infrastructure. Currently, however, Golang is used in game development, creating back-end applications (Application Programming Interfaces or APIs), automation of DevOps and site reliability functions, web scraping, and more.
Web Scraping: Building a Golang Web Scraper
With Golang, you can extract data from websites like a pro. This is because there are different web scraping frameworks containing prewritten code tools. These frameworks ensure that you do not have to write the code from scratch. This, coupled with the fact that the Go language is easy to learn, fast, simplistic, and has built-in concurrency (which enables it to undertake multiple tasks simultaneously), makes Golang web scrapers extremely useful.
What should you look out for when creating a Golang web scraper? Here are 3 Golang tips that will help you scrape like a pro:
Pick the right frameworks
Use multiple collectors
Ensure your callbacks are ordered correctly
Right Framework
There are numerous Golang web scraping frameworks. These include Colly, soup (not to be confused with BeautifulSoup Python library), Ferret, Hakrawler, and Gocrawl. Colly is the most popular of the listed frameworks. Its popularity implies that multiple tutorials on using it are already available, either in written or video formats. For this reason, Colly offers convenience and ease of use.
At the same time, Colly has numerous features that make it the ideal framework for creating a Golang web scraper. These features are:
Caching capabilities;
Support for request delays and the ability to limit the maximum number of concurrent tasks per domain – this is particularly useful as it helps mimic human behavior, preventing the website from blocking the requests on the grounds of suspicious activities;
It offers Robots.txt support, enabling the Golang web scraper to avoid restricted web pages;
Colly enables parallel/async/sync scraping;
It is fast;
This framework automatically handles sessions and cookies.
Use Multiple Collectors
A Collector object is the main entity in the Colly framework. It oversees communication within a network. It also ensures that the attached callback functions are executed while the collector object runs.
It is noteworthy that the collector object limits the scope of a web scraping job. To circumvent this problem and ensure that the Golang web scraper can undertake large-scale web scraping, you can use multiple Collector objects.
Order the Callbacks Correctly
A callback is a function attached to the Collector object that controls data extraction from websites. For successful data extraction, the callback functions should be ordered such that the procedure mimics how a web-based application would ordinarily send requests and receive responses. The various callback functions include:
Onrequest;
OnError;
OnResponseHeaders;
OnResponse;
OnHTML (uses a CSS selector to extract text from different HTML elements);
OnXML;
OnScraped.
Notably, the OnHTML function can also be used to create a CSV file on which the scraped data can then be written.
Going through the Go Colly documentation is also an essential step that guarantees success.
Conclusion
Golang is a fast programming language whose numerous features make it ideal for applications such as creating web scrapers. To build a Golang web scraper, choose the proper framework, use Collector objects, and order the callback functions correctly. If you’re searching for an in-depth tutorial on building a Golang web scraper, Oxylabs wrote a blog post that will help you.
Press Release
NVIDIA resolves critical issues affecting Windows and Linux devices.
NVIDIA has released security upgrades to fix ten more bugs impacting the NVIDIA Virtual GPU (vGPU) management software in addition to six security holes discovered in Windows and Linux GPU display drivers.
The flaws make Windows and Linux systems vulnerable to attacks that could cause a denial of service, privilege escalation, data manipulation, or information disclosure.
Because all of these security flaws need local user access, potential attackers must first get access to susceptible targets via a different attack method.
Patching of eleven high severity vulnerabilities
Attackers can simply escalate privileges to obtain permissions above those provided by the OS after successfully exploiting one of the vulnerabilities fixed today.
Denial-of-service attacks or gaining access to otherwise inaccessible information can also be used to temporarily disable workstations running vulnerable drivers or software.
With the exception of the security flaws identified as CVE-2021-1052, CVE-2021-1053, and CVE-2021-1056 affecting the Linux GPU Display Driver for Tesla GPUs, which will start receiving an updated driver version on January 18, 2021, NVIDIA has patched all impacted software products and platforms.
The flaws have CVSS V3 base ratings ranging from 5.3 to 8.4, and NVIDIA has classified 11 of them as high-risk.
The risk assessment “is based on an average of risk across a broad set of deployed systems and may not represent the true risk of your local installation,” according to NVIDIA’s security alert.
To accurately assess the risk these vulnerabilities represent to your particular system configuration, the business further suggests speaking with an IT or security specialist.
The January 2021 Security Bulletin is a complete list of security problems that NVIDIA patched this month.
Several driver updates are accessible from hardware vendors.
NVIDIA advises users to use the security updates offered on the NVIDIA Driver Downloads page to upgrade their GeForce, NVIDIA RTX, Quadro, NVS, and Tesla GPU display drivers, as well as Virtual GPU Manager and guest driver software.
According to the business, certain consumers who choose not to manually fix the weaknesses might also get security upgrades bundled with Windows GPU display driver 460.84, 457.49, and 452.66 versions from their computer hardware vendors.
Users of the NVIDIA vGPU enterprise software must sign into the NVIDIA Enterprise Application Hub in order to download updates from the NVIDIA Licensing Center.
Press Release
By plugging in a mouse, Razer Bug enables you to access Windows 10 administration.
By just putting in a Razer mouse or keyboard, a Razer Synapse zero-day vulnerability that has been publicly published on Twitter enables you to take control of Windows as an administrator.
A well-known maker of computer accessories, Razer is well recognised for their gaming keyboards and mice.
The Razer Synapse programme will immediately download and start installing on a computer when a Razer device is plugged into Windows 10 or Windows 11. Users can set up macros, map buttons, and modify their gear using the software Razer Synapse.
Over 100 million people use Razer Synapse, according to Razer, who claims that number.
The plug-and-play Razer Synapse installation contains a zero-day vulnerability that, when exploited, allows users to swiftly gain SYSTEM access on a Windows system. This vulnerability was found by security researcher jonhat.
The greatest user rights in Windows, known as SYSTEM privileges, provide users the ability to run any command on the operating system. Basically, if a user has Windows’ SYSTEM capabilities, they have total control over the system and are able to install anything they want, including malicious software.
Razer had yet to respond, so yesterday jonhat revealed the zero-day vulnerability on Twitter and provided a little video explaining how the flaw operates.
Using a mouse while plugged in to gain access to the SYSTEM
We chose to test the flaw as BleepingComputer has a Razer mouse handy. We can confirm that it took us roughly two minutes to get SYSTEM rights in Windows 10 after plugging in our mouse.
It should be emphasised that this is a local privilege escalation (LPE) vulnerability, requiring physical access to a computer and a Razer device. To exploit the problem, all you need to do is purchase a $20 Razer mouse from Amazon and plug it into a Windows 10 computer.
On one of our Windows 10 machines, we set up a temporary ‘Test’ user with ordinary, non-administrator capabilities to test this flaw.
When we connected the Razer device to Windows 10, the operating system downloaded and set up both the driver and the Razer Synapse application automatically.
The Razer installation application got SYSTEM access as a result of the RazerInstaller.exe executable being started by a Windows process with SYSTEM privileges, as demonstrated below.
The setup procedure lets you choose the folder where the Razer Synapse software will be installed when you install it. Everything goes wrong when you have the choice of where to install your software.
The “Choose a Folder” window will show up when you move your folder. When you right-click the dialogue while holding down Shift, you will be given the option to “Open PowerShell window here,” which will launch a PowerShell prompt in the folder displayed in the dialogue.
This PowerShell prompt will inherit the same rights as the process that launched it because it was run with SYSTEM permissions.
As you can see in the screenshot below, after typing the “whoami” command at the PowerShell prompt, it became clear that the console has SYSTEM capabilities, enabling us to execute whatever command we like.
According to Will Dormann, a Vulnerability Analyst at the CERT/CC, other applications installed by the Windows plug-and-play mechanism is likely to include similar flaws.
Razer will address the flaw
Razer has contacted the security researcher to let them know that they will be delivering a remedy after this zero-day issue attracted significant notice on Twitter.
Despite the fact that the vulnerability was made public, Razer also informed the researcher that he would be getting a bug bounty payment.
Press Release
The New York Times reports that investigators are investigating whether solarwinds has been hacked via offices in Czech, Polish, and Belorussia, where many of the company’s engineering has taken place (NEW YORK TIMES).
Sources: investigators are checking if SolarWinds was hacked via its offices in Czechia, Poland, and Belarus, where the company moved much of its engineering — Those behind the widespread intrusion into government and corporate networks exploited seams in U.S. defenses and gave away nothing to American monitoring of their systems.
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